Tuning: Hybrid

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" width=215 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" background="0070ce82egerdp.png"> <div>  </div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id5.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Pedal Steel Guitar / Tunings"><U>PEDAL STEEL GUITAR / TUNINGS</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id6.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Equipment"><U>EQUIPMENT</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id9.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Tunes Ive Written (and a few I Didnt)"><U>TUNES</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id44.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="My CDs"><U>MY CD's</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id48.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Picture Gallery"><U>PHOTO GALLERY</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id8.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Gig Schedule"><U>GIG SCHEDULE</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id1.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Biographical Information"><U>BIOGRAPHICAL INFO</U></A></div> <bR> <div> ______________________</div> <bR> <div> to provide the author with feedback on this site please send EMail to <A HREF="mailto:larry@larrybell.org" TARGET="_top" TITLE="mailto:larry@larrybell.org"><U>Larry Bell</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=95 BGCOLOR="#CC99CC" TEXT="#080000" background="006265f1ezuady.png"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Times New Roman" ><B>Welcome to LarryBell.org . . .</B></FONT><B>  </B><B> </B><B>|   </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Welcome to LarryBell.org . . ."><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div>                                                   </div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=385 colspan=2 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Tuning:  Hybrid</I></div> <div> This section will help you tune to a hybrid between JUST INTONATION (abbreviated JI -- perfect to the ear) and EQUAL TEMPERAMENT (abbreviated ET - not the Extraterrestrial ).  The advantage of JI is that certain combinations of notes (like the tonic and 3rd of the root major chord) SOUND GOOD to your ear.  The disadvantage of JI is that, while the open chord sounds GREAT to your ear, there are many combinations of pedals and levers that do NOT.  For example, the E to F change on E9 ends up being more than 1/4 OF A FRET FLAT (that's WAAAAAAY FLAT).  The way I approach this is to compromise and arrive at a `happy medium' between `straight up' (ET) and `open chord perfect to the ear' (JI).  THIS IS HOW I TUNE.  THERE ARE MANY OTHER WAYS.  REMEMBER THAT PLAYING IN TUNE IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN HOW YOU TUNE THE GUITAR.</div> <bR> <div> Will everything sound perfectly in tune open?  NO.  </div> <bR> <div> Will common combinations require less `fudging' with the bar?  YES.</div> <bR> <div> Does this have anything to do with PLAYING IN TUNE?  VERY LITTLE.</div> <div> In practice, there are professional steel guitarists (Weldon Myrick, Buddy Emmons, and others) who tune pretty close to ET and there are others (Paul Franklin, Jeff Newman, and others) who tune pretty close to JI.</div> <bR> <div> <B>LETS CUT TO THE CHASE - STEP BY STEP</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Prepare</B></div> <div> Plug your guitar into your tuner</div> <div> Push your A and B pedals and release a few times, then HOLD THEM IN</div> <bR> <div> <B>Tune the open E chord to compensate for detuning (cabinet drop, axle flex, etc.)</B></div> <div> Tune the 4<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>, 8<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>, and 11<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string E notes to be STRAIGHT UP (0 deflection) WITH THE A and B PEDALS ENGAGED</div> <div> Release your A and B pedals</div> <div> Check your E strings.  They should be 4-8 cents sharp (441-442 on the Hertz scale)</div> <div> Tune the B's (5th, 9th, 12<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> strings) the same as the E's.  If the E's are 4 cents sharp, tune the B's 4 cents sharp</div> <div> Tune the G#'s (3<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >rd</FONT>, 6<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>, 10<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>) 4 cents flat</div> <div> Tune the F#'s (1<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >st</FONT> and 7<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>) straight up</div> <div> Tune the 2<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >nd</FONT> string D# 4 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> <I>At this point all open strings are tuned</I></div> <div> (a quick tutorial)</div> <div> (how to tune pedal or knee lever pulls:)</div> <div> (remember to engage and release the pedal or lever several times and then check the tuning of the open note without the pedal or lever change; bring the pulled note up to the desired pitch according to the tuner settings; engage and release several times; check the changed note; release and check the unchanged note; when they both read correctly on the tuner you're done with that change - REMEMBER -- the change should start out on the right tuner reading, pull to the right reading, and then return to where it started)</div> <bR> <div> <B>Tune the E9 A, B, and C pedals</B></div> <div> Press the B pedal</div> <div> Tune the A's (3<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >rd</FONT>, 6<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>, and 10<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> with the B pedal) straight up</div> <div> Tune the C#'s (5<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>, 9<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT>, 12<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> with the A pedal) 8 cents flat</div> <div> Tune the C pedal E to F# on 4 straight up</div> <div> Tune the C pedal B to C# 8 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> I also use compensators on 1 and 7 -- both on the A pedal -- and tune them to match the C#'s</div> <bR> <div> <I>At this point the three E9 pedals are tuned</I></div> <div> <I>REMEMBER TO CHECK THE OPEN TUNING OFTEN DURING THIS PROCESS</I></div> <bR> <div> <B>Tune the E9 knee levers</B></div> <div> On the lever that lowers 4 and 8 from E to D#, tune the D#'s 4 cents flat</div> <div> On that lever, tune the 2<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >nd</FONT> string C# 8 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> On the lever that raises 4, 8, and 11 from E to F, tune the F's 12 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> On the lever that raises 1 from F# to G#, tune the G# 4 cents flat</div> <div> On that lever, tune the 7<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string raise from F# to G straight up</div> <bR> <div> On the lever that lowers 5 from B to A#, tune the A# 8 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> On the lever that lowers the 2<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >nd</FONT> string, tune the half stop D straight up</div> <div> On that lever, tune the full stop C# 8 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> <I>At this point all knee levers are tuned</I></div> <bR> <div> <B>Tune the `Franklin pedal' (P4)</B></div> <div> Tune the 5<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string lowered from B to A straight up</div> <div> Tune the 6<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string lowered from G# to F# straight up</div> <bR> <div> <B>Tune the B6 pedals</B></div> <div> P5:</div> <div> Tune 12<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string B to C# straight up</div> <div> Tune 11<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> E to F and 7<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> F# to F 4 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> P6:</div> <div> Tune the 4<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string E to match your open E (if it's 4 cents sharp, tune it 4 cents sharp)</div> <div> Tune the 8<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string D straight up</div> <bR> <div> P7:</div> <div> Tune the 5<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string B to C# straight up</div> <div> Tune the 6<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> string G# to A# straight up</div> <bR> <div> P8:</div> <div> Tune the 9<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> B to C 4 cents flat</div> <div> Tune the 11<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> E to D# 4 cents flat</div> <div> Tune the 12<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >th</FONT> B to G# 4 cents flat</div> <bR> <div> Here's a chart:</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="573" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ROWS" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> ç</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> é</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="43"><div> è</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> Œ</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> Ž</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> ‘</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> ’</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> “</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> ç</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="37"><div> è</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>G#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>D#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div> <B>D/C#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C#</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 10 WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div> 0/-8</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -10</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>G#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>A</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>E</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>E</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>D#</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -12</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>B</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>A#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>A</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -8</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>G#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>A</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>A#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>G</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>E</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>D</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>D#</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -12</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>B</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -8</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>G#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>A</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>E</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>D#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>F</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -12</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="37"><div> <B>B</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>C#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B>G#</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> <B> </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="43"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> 0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div> -4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="37"><div>  </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>